Energia launched twice in 1987/88 before the program was cancelled by the Russian government, which succeeded the Soviet Union, but only the second flight payload reached orbit. The Energia launcher was designed by the Soviet Union to launch up to 105 t (231,000 lb) to low Earth orbit.The final launch of Saturn V in 1973 placed Skylab, a 77-tonne (170,000 lb) payload, into LEO. When the third stage and Earth-orbit departure fuel was included, Saturn V placed approximately 140 t (310,000 lb) into low Earth orbit. The Apollo lunar payload included a command module, service module, and Lunar Module, with a total mass of 45 t (99,000 lb). Saturn V was a NASA launch vehicle that made 12 orbital launches between 19, principally for the Apollo program through 1972.In the 2010s, super heavy-lift launch vehicles received interest once again, leading to the launch of the Falcon Heavy, the Space Launch System, and Starship, and the beginning of development of the Long March and Yenisei rockets. The next two decades saw multiple concepts drawn out once again, most notably Space Shuttle-derived vehicles and Rus-M, but none were built. After the Saturn V's successful Apollo program and the N1's failures, the Soviets' Energia launched twice in the 1980s, once bearing the Buran spaceplane. During the Space Race, the Saturn V and N1 were built by the United States and Soviet Union, respectively. Many early super heavy-lift launch vehicle concepts were produced in the 1960s, including the Sea Dragon. Most planned crewed lunar and interplanetary missions depend on these launch vehicles. Only 13 such payloads were successfully launched before 2022: 12 as part of the Apollo program before 1972 and one Energia launch in 1987. It is the most capable launch vehicle classification by mass to orbit, exceeding that of the heavy-lift launch vehicle classification. Please send any corrections, additions or updates by e-mail to: our Launch Log for a listing of completed space missions since 2004.A super heavy-lift launch vehicle is a rocket that can lift to low Earth orbit a "super heavy payload", which is defined as more than 50 metric tons (110,000 lb) by the United States and as more than 100 metric tons (220,000 lb) by Russia. Dates and times are given in Greenwich Mean Time. A regularly updated listing of planned orbital missions from spaceports around the globe.
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